![]() ![]() Note that the final temperature for all substances (T1, T2. If we replace heat quantities with the formula described here: Quantity of heat, we will get the following equation: That is, the algebraic sum of all heat quantities (gained and lost) in a thermally isolated system equals zero. Where n – number of objects in the system. This is our thermal equilibrium equation. ![]() In the case of a thermally isolated system, we can say that during an interaction between objects inside a system (until it reaches thermal equilibrium), the amount of energy gained by one object must be exactly equal to the amount of energy lost by another. The first law of thermodynamics can be stated as follows: during an interaction between a system and its surroundings, the amount of energy gained by the system must be exactly equal to the amount of energy lost by the surroundings. In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system in a given frame of reference remains constant - it is said to be conserved over time. The thermodynamic system is called a thermally isolated system if it does not exchange mass or heat energy with its environment. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially and temporally uniform. This is called the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Two objects are in thermal equilibrium if no heat flows between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat, that is, they both have the same temperature. In the process of reaching thermodynamic equilibrium, heat is transferred from the warmer to the cooler object. To solve the problem, it uses the thermal equilibrium equation, more on this below. The only condition is that there should not be any phase transition (or phase change) of substances. Note that the Excel program uses SI units for the thermodynamic property values.This online calculator can solve thermodynamic equilibrium problems, such as finding the final temperature when mixing fluids, or finding the required temperature for one of the fluids to achieve a final mixed temperature. The program is compatible with all versions of Excel.Ĭlick on this link to see a screen capture of the Excel spreadsheet for the superheated region. To use the calculator you need to have Microsoft Excel installed on your computer. You need to uncompress this file before you can access the calculator. In the subcooled and superheated region, you can specify ( P, T), ( P, v), ( P, u), ( P, h), or ( P, s), and automatically solve for the remaining thermodynamic properties.Īll the files that come with this calculator are contained in a single (compressed) file, in the "zip" format. In the saturated region, you can specify any of the six thermodynamic properties and automatically solve for the remaining five. ![]() It calculates thermodynamic properties in the subcooled region for an absolute pressure range of 5-50 MPa, using 7 data tables spread apart over this range. The Excel spreadsheet calculates thermodynamic properties in the superheated region for an absolute pressure range of 0.01-80 MPa, using 30 data tables spread apart over this pressure range. The calculator uses data points from thermodynamic property tables, and uses linear interpolation to calculate the following six thermodynamic properties: Temperature ( T), pressure ( P), specific volume ( v), energy ( u), enthalpy ( h), and entropy ( s). This calculator is programmed in Microsoft Excel. I created a steam table calculator which makes it easy to calculate the thermodynamic properties of water in the subcooled, saturated, and superheated region. ![]()
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